Mooring is an integral part of cargo transportation. During the mooring period, the ship faces various natural forces and human forces. The mooring system refers to the use of equipment to fix the ship at the wharf or other places to limit its movement. There are five types of common mooring equipment that is essential.

Mooring Bollard

The mooring bollard is mooring ship equipment installed in the superstructure of the wharf. It is designed and selected according to the berth capacity and wharf structure type to meet the requirements of the safe, reliable, and convenient operation of ships leaving the wharf, berthing, shifting, and turning. It is composed of a shell, anchor rod, nut, washer, anchor plate, and column core packing. The most common types in the shipping industry are column mooring bollard and Cruciform Bollard.

Marine Mooring Chock

Marine mooring chock is a closed-hole fairlead that is arranged on the bulwark and used to limit the leading out of the position of the cable. The basic shapes are round, oval, square, and closed mooring chock.

204 steel seamless steel pipe specified in GB 8162 is selected as the material of its body. It can also be bent from grade a steel plate specified in GB 712. 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel plate specified in GB 4237 is selected as the stainless steel clad plate. At the intersection line of the body and the outer edge, the welding surface shall be clean and free of cracks, warpage, and skew. The cutting shall be straight and the sharp edge shall be removed. The stainless steel clad plate shall be flat with the body, and the weld shall be free of defects such as pores, cracks, and burrs.

Roller Fairlead

Roller fairlead is a fairlead composed of several independent rollers in parallel, which can be divided into the closed type and open type.

According to the number of rollers, the commonly used two roller, three roller, and four roller fairleads. It can export several cables at the same time, and its mass is smaller than that of the fairlead with rollers. It is mainly used on large and medium ships.

Rubber Fender

A rubber fender is installed on the wharf or ship to absorb the collision energy between the ship and the wharf or ship when berthing or mooring, and protect the ship and the wharf from damage.

It is divided into the following categories: cylindrical rubber fender, DA type rubber fender, D type super arch rubber fender, drum type rubber fender, DO type rubber fender, and V type rubber fender. They are different in reaction force, surface pressure, device maintenance, and convenience of use.

Marine Anchor

The main function of the marine anchor is to fix and stabilize the ship. After the anchor is pulled into the water bottom, it can provide berthing capacity for the ship.

It should be noted that this capability is not only accomplished by one anchor, but also by a long anchor chain.

There are many types of anchors, which can be divided into rod anchors (also known as naval anchors), Rodless anchors (commonly known as hall anchors and Speke anchors), high grip anchors (generally rod rotating claw anchors), and special anchors (commonly used for permanent mooring) according to different structural solutions and uses.